German Prepositions
| Prepositions that take the Accusative case | |
|---|---|
| durch | through |
| gegen | against |
| um | around |
| für | for |
| ohne | without |
| Prepositions that take the Dative case | |
| aus | out (of), from (country, town or place) |
| mit | with, by means of (transportation) |
| von | from (person, open space, or direction), by |
| seit | since, for |
| bei | near, at, at home of or place of business |
| nach | after, to (cities and countries) |
| zu | to (mostly people and specifically named buildings) |
| gegenüber | across from |
| außer | except for, besides |
| Prepositions that take the Genitive case | |
| während | during |
| trotz | in spite of |
| anstatt | instead of |
| wegen | because of |
| Two-way Prepositions that may take Acc. or Dat. | |
| an | at, to, on (vertical surfaces, denotes border or limiting area) |
| auf | onto, on (horizontal surfaces), to (some public buildings) |
| hinter | behind |
| in | in, into (building, enclosed space, feminine or plural countries) |
| neben | beside, next to |
| über | over, above, across, about |
| unter | under, below, among, beneath |
| vor | in front of, before |
| zwischen | between |
The accusative form indicates direction and movement and answers the question where to (wohin)? For example: In die Schule means to school and uses the accusative form because it is a direction. In der Schule means in school and uses the dative form because it is a location.
One exception is zu Hause - at home (dat.) and nach Hause - (to) home (acc.) Ich bin zu Hause is I am at home, and Ich gehe nach Hause is I am going home.
|
Accusative: movement & direction (wohin?) |
Dative: location & position (wo?) |
|---|---|
| Er hängt das Bild über das Sofa. He hangs the picture over the sofa. |
Das Bild hängt über dem Sofa. The picture hangs over the sofa. |
| Stell es unter den Tisch! Put it under the table. |
Es ist unter dem Tisch. It is under the table. |
| Fahren Sie den Wagen hinter das Haus! Drive the car behind the house. |
Der Wagen steht hinter dem Haus. The car is behind the house. |
| Stellen Sie die Flaschen vor die Tür! Put the bottles in front of the door. |
Die Flaschen stehen vor der Tür. The bottles are in front of the door. |
| Stell es auf den Tisch! Put it on the table. |
Es liegt auf dem Tisch. It's lying on the table. |
| Schreib es an die Tafel! Write it on the board. |
Es steht an der Tafel. It is on the board. |
| Er geht in die Küche. He goes into the kitchen. |
Er ist in der Küche. He is in the kitchen. |
| Stellen Sie es neben das Haus! Put it beside the house. |
Es ist neben dem Haus. It is beside the house. |
| Stell die Lampe zwischen das Sofa und den
Tisch! Put the lamp between the sofa and the table. |
Die Lampe steht zwischen dem Sofa und dem Tisch. The lamp is between the sofa and the table. |
stellen, legen and setzen use the accusative case stehen, liegen and sitzen use the dative case.
Prepositional Contractions
| an dem | am | to/at the |
| auf das | aufs | upon the |
| für das | fürs | for the |
| in das | ins | into the |
| zu dem | zum | to the |
| an das | ans | to/on the |
| bei dem | beim | at the |
| in dem | im | in the |
| von dem | vom | from, of the |
| zu der | zur | to the |
| durch das | durchs | through the |
| um das | ums | around the |